Mother board is primary circuit board of computer inside a computer many other components connect directly and indirectly to the motherboard .Mother board usually contain one or more CPU's , supporting circuit-sully integrated circuit (Ics) providing the interface between the CPU memory and input/output peripheral circuits, main memory , and facilities for initial setup of the computer immediately after being powered on. in main portable and embedded computer , motherboard will also contain one or more peripheral buses and physical connector for expansion purpose.
MOTHER BOARD PART:-
1. MAIN MEMORY
2. HARD DISK.
3. EXPANSION CARD.
4 . COMPUTER POWER SUPPLY.
5. VIDEO CARD.
6. SOUND CARD.
7. NETWORK CARD.
8. PARALLEL PORT
9. OPTICAL DISK DRIVER.
10. MONITOR
MAIN MEMORY:-
Main memory (primary memory) is fast storage that it is directly access by a CPU(central processing unit), and is used to store the currently executing program and immediately needs data , PCs use semiconductor random access memory (ram)of a various kind such as DRAM and SRAM as there primary storage , Main memory is much faster then mass storage device like HDD ,but primary memory is a volatile memory, meaning it does not retain the content(data) in the absence of power,much expensive as compare to secondary memory.
HARD DISK:
A HDD(Hard Disk Drive), commonly referred to as a hard drive and hard disk is a non volatile memory storage device which stored digital encoded data or rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surface.
A HDD is a magnetic disk made of metal and covered with a magnetic recording surface,Drive is the main location where all data is stored , Most hard disk drive consists spinning platters of aluminium , glass or ceramic that is coated with a magnetic media .
HDD is used to store huge amount of data permanently.
in a HDD each platters require two read/write heads, one for each side . All the read/write heads are attached to a single assess arm so they can not move independently . each platters has a same no of tracks location that cuts across all platters is called a cylinder. it measured in MB , GB and TB.
EXPANSION CARD:
An expansion card(also expansion board ,adapter card or accessory card) is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into a ex-pansion slot of a computer mother board to add additional functionality to a computer system . one edge of the expansion card is the content that file exactly into the slot . They establish the electrical contact between electronic on the card and the motheboard
POWER SUPPLY:
Power supply is a box in a computer . it is an important part of computer because it provide electrical power in a form of suitable for every other components inside attached to a motherboard in order for it work , in a portable computer(laptop) there is usually an external power bricks which convert AC power to One DC voltage (most commonly 19 volt) and further DC-DC conversion occurs within the laptop to supply various DC voltage require by the other components of the portable computer.
VIDEO CARD:
A video card , also referred to as a graphics card , display adapter , graphics card and numerous other term , is an item of personal computer hardware whose function is to generate and output images to display .
Every mother board support a definite range of video card formate, therefore , before buying it decide whether it is as per the motherboard .
Today ,many computers don't have video expansion Cards .
SOUND CARD:
it is a hard ware unit of computer which is fitted on the motherboard as expansion card . it turns the analog symbols received from the microphone into digital form to be stored into computer memory , in additional sound card turns digital signal into a analog form and send into the speaker as output.
NETWORK CARD:
Network card is also know as network adapter , LAN adapter or network interface card , it is part of computer hardware which has been made to connect the computer with computer network , it works as physical layer i.e. O.S.I. first layer and data link layer it means OSI second layer device . it provide physical access to networking media and provide lower-level addressing through the use of MAC address . with its help the users can communicate with each other throughwire or without wire.
PARALLEL PORT:
Parallel port is a kind of interface that links so many parts of computer and is found on the same . it is also known as printer port .many manufacture of personal computer and laptop consider parallel interface a legacy port and is no more in use now . parallel adapter are available for the use of parallel printer of USB system.
OPTICAL DISK DRIVER:
Optical Disk Driver is a flat circular , usually disc , whereon data is stored in the form of pits (or bumps) within a flat surface , usually along a single spiral groove that covers the entire recorded surface of the disc . This data is generally accessed when a special material on this disc (often aluminium) is illuminated with a laser diode.the pits distort the refracted laser light.
The Computer's Microprocessor
Also known as the microprocessor or the processor, the CPU is the computer's brain. It is responsible for fetching, decoding, and executing program instructions as well as performing mathematical and logical calculations.
The processor chip is identified by the processor type and the manufacturer. This information is usually inscribed on the chip itself. For example, Intel 386, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 386, Cyrix 486, Pentium MMX, Intel Core 2Duo, or Core i7.
If the processor chip is not on the motherboard, you can identify the processor socket as socket 1 to Socket 8, LGA 775 among others. This can help you identify the processor that fits in the socket. For example, rPGA 988A/Socket G1 will fit any of the following processors;
- Intel Core i7 (600, 700, 800, 900 series)
- Intel Core i5 (400, 500 series)
- Intel Core i3 (300 series)
- Intel Pentium (P6000 series)
- Intel Celeron (P4000 series)
CMOS Battery
CMOS RAM chips which are kept alive by a battery (known as a CMOS battery) even when the PC’s power is off. This prevents reconfiguration when the PC is powered on.
CMOS devices require very little power to operate.
The CMOS RAM is used to store basic information about the PC’s configuration for instance:-
- Floppy disk and hard disk drive types
- Information about CPU
- RAM size
- Date and time
- Serial and parallel port information
The Expansion Buses
An expansion bus is an input/output pathway from the CPU to peripheral devices and it is typically made up of a series of slots on the motherboard. Expansion boards (cards) plug into the bus.
PCI is the most common expansion bus in a PC and other hardware platforms. Buses carry signals such as data, memory addresses, power, and control signals from component to component. Other types of buses include ISA and EISA.
The Computer Chip-sets
A chipset is a group of small circuits that coordinate the flow of data to and from a PC's key components. These key components include the CPU itself, the main memory, the secondary cache, and any devices situated on the buses.
A chipset also controls data flow to and from hard disks and other devices connected to the IDE channels.
0 Comments:
Post a Comment